A narrative review of factors influencing rider performance and horse welfare in equestrian activities
Authors: Orsolya Balog, Krisztián Havanecz, Tamás Csányi, C. Ökrös, László Tóth, Tamás Berki
Journal: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
Summary
# Editorial Summary: Rider Biomechanics and Horse Welfare Equestrian sport uniquely demands optimal performance from two athletes simultaneously, yet research on how rider characteristics affect horses has remained scattered across disciplines. This narrative review synthesised 17 peer-reviewed studies (published 2000–2024) addressing three core questions: the influence of rider biomechanics and posture on equine performance and welfare, the causes and consequences of rider asymmetry, and how rider fitness and training practices impact outcomes for both partners. Consistent findings demonstrated that correct pelvic orientation, dynamic trunk control and symmetrical weight distribution significantly improved saddle pressure distribution and equine gait quality, whilst postural asymmetries—whether inherent or acquired—created uneven loading patterns that degraded performance, often without riders' awareness. A concerning gap emerged in rider conditioning practices: despite riding involving moderate-to-vigorous cardiovascular demands, most equestrians lacked structured off-horse training, though targeted core work, cross-training and nutritional support measurably improved balance and reduced back pain. These findings support an integrated approach combining biomechanical screening, asymmetry correction and periodised fitness programmes, positioning rider development as essential to equine welfare rather than peripheral to it.
Read the full abstract on PubMed
Practical Takeaways
- •Have riders assessed for postural asymmetry and pelvic orientation issues—many are unaware of imbalances affecting their horse's performance and soundness.
- •Recommend structured off-horse fitness programmes combining core training, cross-training, and nutrition to improve rider stability and reduce strain on the horse.
- •Use saddle pressure mapping or weight distribution assessment to identify how rider biomechanics translate to uneven loading on your horse's back.
Key Findings
- •Correct pelvic orientation, dynamic trunk control, and symmetrical weight distribution are consistently associated with improved saddle pressure distribution and better equine gait.
- •Many riders are unaware of their postural asymmetries, which contribute to uneven loading and degraded performance in both horse and rider.
- •Equestrian athletes often neglect structured off-horse conditioning despite moderate-to-vigorous cardiovascular demands during riding.
- •Targeted core training programmes, cross-training, and nutritional support improved rider balance and reduced back pain while benefiting equine welfare.