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farriery
veterinary
biomechanics
anatomy
nutrition
physiotherapy
2024
Case Report

Successful caudal vena cava and pulmonary vein isolation in healthy horses using 3D electro-anatomical mapping and a contact force-guided ablation system.

Authors: Buschmann Eva, Van Steenkiste Glenn, Duytschaever Mattias, Boussy Tim, Vernemmen Ingrid, Ibrahim Lara, Schauvliege Stijn, Decloedt Annelies, van Loon Gunther

Journal: Equine veterinary journal

Summary

# Editorial Summary Atrial arrhythmias remain a significant clinical challenge in equine practice, with myocardial sleeves extending into the caudal vena cava and pulmonary veins identified as potential ectopic foci in both atrial tachycardia and atrial fibrillation cases. This Belgian research team applied three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping combined with contact force-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation to systematically isolate these arrhythmogenic zones in six healthy horses, utilising advanced cardiac imaging to guide precise lesion placement. Successful electrical isolation of both the caudal vena cava and pulmonary vein myocardial sleeves was achieved in all animals, with no serious procedural complications reported and maintained isolation confirmed at follow-up assessment. These findings represent a significant refinement of catheter ablation techniques in equine cardiology, potentially offering a definitive treatment pathway for horses with recurrent or refractory atrial arrhythmias that fail to respond to conventional pharmaceutical management. For practitioners managing performance horses or those with documented arrhythmias, this work suggests that referral for specialist electrophysiology assessment may warrant consideration earlier in the diagnostic pathway, particularly where medical management has proven ineffective or where maintaining athletic function is paramount.

Read the full abstract on PubMed

Practical Takeaways

  • 3D EAM-guided RFCA offers a novel interventional approach for treating equine atrial arrhythmias that may be refractory to medical management
  • This technique requires specialized equipment and expertise; referral to tertiary centres with catheterization capabilities is necessary for appropriate candidate selection
  • Successful isolation of myocardial sleeves in pulmonary and caval veins may improve outcomes in horses with atrial fibrillation or tachycardia

Key Findings

  • 3D electro-anatomical mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation can successfully isolate myocardial sleeves in the caudal vena cava and pulmonary veins in healthy horses
  • Contact force-guided ablation system enables precise targeting of arrhythmogenic tissue
  • Myocardial sleeves in caudal vena cava and pulmonary veins are identified as potential triggers for atrial tachycardia and atrial fibrillation in horses

Conditions Studied

atrial tachycardiaatrial fibrillationcardiac arrhythmias

Related References

Detection of the origin of atrial tachycardia by 3D electro-anatomical mapping and treatment by radiofrequency catheter ablation in horses.

Van Steenkiste Glenn, Boussy Tim, Duytschaever Mattias, Vernemmen Ingrid, Schauvlieghe Stijn, Decloedt Annelies, van Loon Gunther(2022)Journal of veterinary internal medicine

Caudal vena cava isolation using ablation index-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation (CARTO™ 3) to treat sustained atrial tachycardia in horses.

Buschmann Eva, Van Steenkiste Glenn, Vernemmen Ingrid, Demeyere Marie, Schauvliege Stijn, Decloedt Annelies, van Loon Gunther(2025)Journal of veterinary internal medicine

Lesion size index-guided radiofrequency catheter ablation using an impedance-based three-dimensional mapping system to treat sustained atrial tachycardia in a horse.

Buschmann Eva, Van Steenkiste Glenn, Vernemmen Ingrid, Demeyere Marie, Schauvliege Stijn, Decloedt Annelies, De Wilde Hans, van Loon Gunther(2025)Equine veterinary journal

Three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping and radiofrequency ablation as a novel treatment for atrioventricular accessory pathway in a horse: A case report.

Buschmann Eva, Van Steenkiste Glenn, Boussy Tim, Vernemmen Ingrid, Schauvliege Stijn, Decloedt Annelies, van Loon Gunther(2023)Journal of veterinary internal medicine

Three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping of premature atrial complexes originating from the right atrial free wall and treatment by radiofrequency ablation in three horses.

Buschmann Eva, Van Steenkiste Glenn, Bulckens Hannes, Schauvliege Stijn, Decloedt Annelies, van Loon Gunther(2025)Equine veterinary journal