Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in equine sarcoid.
Authors: Martano Manuela, Power Karen, Restucci Brunella, Pagano Ilaria, Altamura Gennaro, Borzacchiello Giuseppe, Maiolino Paola
Journal: BMC veterinary research
Summary
# Editorial Summary: VEGF Expression in Equine Sarcoid Equine sarcoids represent a significant clinical challenge due to their aggressive biological behaviour, frequent recurrence post-treatment, and association with equine deltapapillomavirus infection. Martano and colleagues investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying sarcoid development by examining tissue samples from 25 affected horses, using immunohistochemistry and western blotting to quantify vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) alongside proliferation markers (Ki67) and apoptosis regulators (bcl-2), whilst also characterising microvessel density and associated vascular parameters. Their findings demonstrated elevated VEGF expression in sarcoid tissues compared to controls, suggesting that enhanced neovascularisation—driven by VEGF signalling—supports tumour growth, invasiveness, and the biological aggressiveness characteristic of these lesions. The identification of VEGF as a key driver of sarcoid pathogenesis opens therapeutic possibilities beyond conventional surgery and cryotherapy, potentially supporting investigation of anti-angiogenic strategies or targeted molecular interventions to limit recurrence. For practitioners managing equine sarcoids, these results provide mechanistic justification for exploring multimodal treatment approaches that address not only the visible lesion but also its vascular supply, whilst reinforcing the importance of early intervention before extensive neovascularisation establishes the tumour's aggressive phenotype.
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Practical Takeaways
- •Sarcoids depend on angiogenesis (new blood vessel formation) mediated by VEGF, which may explain their aggressive growth and recurrence after surgery
- •Anti-angiogenic therapeutic approaches targeting VEGF pathways could represent a novel treatment strategy to reduce sarcoid recurrence rates beyond surgical intervention alone
- •Understanding the molecular drivers of sarcoid development may inform better treatment planning and client counseling regarding prognosis and recurrence risk
Key Findings
- •VEGF expression was significantly elevated in equine sarcoid tissue compared to normal skin controls
- •Microvessel density and specific vessel parameters were increased in sarcoid lesions, indicating active angiogenesis
- •Ki67 and bcl-2 expression levels were assessed alongside VEGF to characterize tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance