Back to Reference Library
behaviour
nutrition
riding science
2023
Cohort Study

Asymmetry Thresholds Reflecting the Visual Assessment of Forelimb Lameness on Circles on a Hard Surface.

Authors: Macaire Claire, Hanne-Poujade Sandrine, De Azevedo Emeline, Denoix Jean-Marie, Coudry Virginie, Jacquet Sandrine, Bertoni Lélia, Tallaj Amélie, Audigié Fabrice, Hatrisse Chloé, Hébert Camille, Martin Pauline, Marin Frédéric, Chateau Henry

Journal: Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

Summary

# Editorial Summary: Asymmetry Thresholds for Forelimb Lameness Detection on Circles Whilst objective gait analysis has become increasingly valuable in lameness diagnosis, practical asymmetry thresholds for circle work—a standard veterinary assessment protocol—have been lacking until now. Researchers compared kinematic data from sound horses and those with confirmed unilateral forelimb lameness during trotting on circles in both directions, validating their findings against visual assessments by specialist equine veterinarians. Head vertical displacement asymmetry indices achieved sensitivity and specificity of ≥69% and ≥81% respectively for detecting inside forelimb lameness, whilst withers asymmetry indices performed best for outside forelimb lameness (≥72% sensitivity, ≥77% specificity)—importantly distinguishing pathological asymmetry from the physiologically normal asymmetry imposed by circling itself. These validated thresholds offer farriers, veterinarians and rehabilitation professionals a quantifiable benchmark for circle-based lameness assessment, bridging the gap between subjective visual evaluation and objective measurement and potentially improving diagnostic consistency across different examiners and situations.

Read the full abstract on PubMed

Practical Takeaways

  • Use head motion asymmetry measurements when assessing suspected inside forelimb lameness on circles, and withers motion for outside forelimb lameness—these show superior diagnostic reliability
  • Objective gait analysis tools with established asymmetry thresholds can now support visual lameness assessment during circle work, reducing subjective interpretation errors
  • Circular trotting creates physiological asymmetries that must be distinguished from lameness-related asymmetries; use these validated thresholds as diagnostic cutoffs in your practice

Key Findings

  • Head asymmetry indices achieved ≥69% sensitivity and ≥81% specificity for detecting inside forelimb lameness on circles
  • Withers asymmetry indices achieved ≥72% sensitivity and ≥77% specificity for detecting outside forelimb lameness on circles
  • Asymmetry index of maxima difference was the least reliable discriminator between sound and lame horses
  • Specific asymmetry thresholds were established to distinguish physiological asymmetry from pathological lameness during circular trotting

Conditions Studied

forelimb lamenessunilateral lameness

Related References

Investigation of Thresholds for Asymmetry Indices to Represent the Visual Assessment of Single Limb Lameness by Expert Veterinarians on Horses Trotting in a Straight Line.

Macaire Claire, Hanne-Poujade Sandrine, De Azevedo Emeline, Denoix Jean-Marie, Coudry Virginie, Jacquet Sandrine, Bertoni Lélia, Tallaj Amélie, Audigié Fabrice, Hatrisse Chloé, Hébert Camille, Martin Pauline, Marin Frédéric, Chateau Henry(2022)Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

Objective Assessment of Equine Locomotor Symmetry Using an Inertial Sensor System and Artificial Intelligence: A Comparative Study.

Calle-González Natalie, Lo Feudo Chiara Maria, Ferrucci Francesco, Requena Francisco, Stucchi Luca, Muñoz Ana(2024)Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

Quantifying head and withers movement asymmetry in sound and naturally forelimb lame horses trotting on a circle on hard and soft surfaces.

Taddey Caroline M, Roecken Michael, Kreling Kai M, Cruz Antonio M(2025)Equine veterinary journal

Linear Discriminant Analysis for Investigating Differences in Upper Body Movement Symmetry in Horses before/after Diagnostic Analgesia in Relation to Expert Judgement.

Pfau Thilo, Bolt David M, Fiske-Jackson Andrew, Gerdes Carolin, Hoenecke Karl, Lynch Lucy, Perrier Melanie, Smith Roger K W(2022)Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

Evaluation of discriminant analysis based on dorsoventral symmetry indices to quantify hindlimb lameness during over ground locomotion in the horse.

Church E E, Walker A M, Wilson A M, Pfau T(2009)Equine veterinary journal