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veterinary
2023
Cohort Study

The association between Thoroughbred racehorse training practices and musculoskeletal injuries in Victoria, Australia.

Authors: Wong Adelene S M, Morrice-West Ashleigh V, Hitchens Peta L, Whitton R Chris

Journal: Frontiers in veterinary science

Summary

# Editorial Summary: Training Practices and Musculoskeletal Injury in Thoroughbreds Musculoskeletal injuries represent a significant welfare and economic concern in racing Thoroughbreds, yet optimal training strategies remain poorly defined—particularly regarding the balance between conditioning and overuse. Wong and colleagues surveyed 66 Australian trainers about their intended training practices and correlated these approaches with race-day injury outcomes in 66 Australian Thoroughbreds, using multivariable regression analysis to account for confounding variables. Two-year-olds benefited from condensed timescales to racing (shorter trial periods), minimised fast-work duration before trials, frequent shorter rest intervals, and higher volumes of work at race speed (15.5–16.7 m/s) once fit, whilst mature horses showed injury reduction with extended rest periods, high-volume slow-speed conditioning programmes with longer lead times, and notably lower volumes of high-speed gallop work when race-fit. Catastrophic injuries in mature horses were specifically associated with excessive fast-work volume, suggesting an age-dependent training tolerance that carries implications for programme design across different career stages. These findings challenge a one-size-fits-all approach and highlight that two-year-old training decisions may establish injury trajectories extending into later racing careers—valuable context for trainers, veterinarians, and support staff designing individualised conditioning protocols.

Read the full abstract on PubMed

Practical Takeaways

  • Young racehorses (2yo) benefit from rapid progression with frequent, short breaks and moderate fast work volumes, while mature horses need longer recovery periods and gradual, high-volume slower work before fast training
  • Tailor training intensity and duration to horse age: 2yos can tolerate and benefit from faster progression, but mature horses need conservative pre-trial conditioning to reduce catastrophic injury risk
  • Monitor fast work volume carefully in mature race-fit horses—excessive high-speed galloping increases catastrophic injury risk even in conditioned animals

Key Findings

  • Two-year-old race day MSI incidence was lower with shorter trial periods, less pre-trial fast work, shorter frequent rest periods, and higher fast work at 15.5-16.7 m/s when race-fit
  • Mature horse MSI incidence was lower with longer rest periods and high-volume pre-trial training comprising slower-speed gallop work over longer periods
  • Catastrophic MSI incidence in mature race-fit horses was lower with reduced volumes of fast gallop work
  • Two-year-old training practices appear to influence MSI risk in the horse's later career, indicating age-specific training approaches are critical

Conditions Studied

catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries (cmi)non-catastrophic musculoskeletal injuries (msi)race day musculoskeletal injury

Related References

The Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Injuries in Thoroughbred Racehorses in Queensland, Australia: How These Vary for Two-Year-Old and Older Horses and with Type of Injury.

Crawford Kylie L, Finnane Anna, Phillips Clive J C, Greer Ristan M, Woldeyohannes Solomon M, Perkins Nigel R, Kidd Lisa J, Ahern Benjamin J(2021)Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

Appraising the Welfare of Thoroughbred Racehorses in Training in Queensland, Australia: The Incidence and Type of Musculoskeletal Injuries Vary between Two-Year-Old and Older Thoroughbred Racehorses.

Crawford Kylie L, Finnane Anna, Greer Ristan M, Phillips Clive J C, Woldeyohannes Solomon M, Perkins Nigel R, Ahern Benjamin J(2020)Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

Survival Analysis of Training Methodologies and Other Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Injury in 2-Year-Old Thoroughbred Racehorses in Queensland, Australia.

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The impact of cumulative bone fatigue on musculoskeletal injury risk in racing Thoroughbreds.

Morrice-West Ashleigh V, Wong Adelene S M, Hitchens Peta L, Whitton R Chris(2025)Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)

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