Applied equine genetics.
Authors: Finno C J, Bannasch D L
Journal: Equine veterinary journal
Summary
# Editorial Summary: Applied Equine Genetics Since completion of the equine genome sequence and subsequent development of the Quarter Horse reference genome, genomic research tools have become increasingly sophisticated and affordable, enabling identification of both simple Mendelian traits and complex polygenic conditions. Finno and Bannasch's 2014 review synthesises progress across multiple genomic technologies—single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, DNA microarrays for gene expression analysis, and next-generation sequencing platforms—highlighting how these tools have moved beyond basic SNP detection to capture structural variants including insertions, deletions and copy number variations that may underlie previously unexplained phenotypic variation. Particular relevance emerges for performance traits and disease genetics, where genomic investigation now permits researchers to differentiate between inherited Mendelian disorders and multifactorial conditions influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. As sequencing costs continue their downward trajectory, practitioners in equine medicine, reproduction and performance management should anticipate increasingly accessible genetic testing options; however, this expansion necessitates investment in robust bioinformatics infrastructure and specialist expertise to prevent misinterpretation of complex genomic datasets. The field's trajectory suggests that genomic insights will reshape selective breeding programmes, early disease detection protocols and potentially personalised management strategies, though quality control in test development and reporting remains essential for clinical credibility.
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Practical Takeaways
- •Genetic testing tools are now available to identify inherited traits and disease predispositions in horses, allowing informed breeding decisions.
- •Understanding genomic markers for performance traits may help with selection and training strategies for individual horses.
- •As sequencing becomes more affordable, expect increasing availability of genetic tests for common equine conditions—stay informed about which tests have clinical validity for your breed.
Key Findings
- •Whole-genome sequencing of a Quarter Horse mare identified variants beyond SNPs including insertions/deletions and copy number variants.
- •SNP arrays enable investigation of both simple and complex genetic traits in horses.
- •DNA microarrays and RNA-seq provide tools for examining gene expression across tissues and disease conditions.
- •Next-generation sequencing costs are decreasing, enabling wider application to equine genomic research.