Use of contrast media in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in horses: Techniques, adverse events and opportunities.
Authors: Nelson B B, Goodrich L R, Barrett M F, Grinstaff M W, Kawcak C E
Journal: Equine veterinary journal
Summary
# Editorial Summary Contrast-enhanced imaging represents an increasingly valuable diagnostic tool in equine practice, with CT and MRI procedures enhanced by contrast media offering superior tissue differentiation and expanded clinical capabilities—yet safety protocols and adverse event documentation remain inconsistent across equine medicine. Nelson and colleagues conducted a comprehensive literature review synthesising evidence on contrast media applications in horses alongside comparative data from other veterinary species and human medicine, establishing a much-needed safety framework for clinicians adopting these techniques. Whilst contrast media are generally well-tolerated, the review demonstrates substantial variation in safety profiles between different agents and emphasises that adverse events, though uncommon, can occur and warrant systematic monitoring strategies during and after procedures. Key findings highlight the importance of pre-imaging assessment protocols, appropriate agent selection based on anatomical target and patient factors, and recognition of potential complications—particularly in horses with compromised renal function or dehydration. For practitioners incorporating advanced imaging into diagnostic workflows, this evidence base enables informed decision-making regarding contrast agent selection, patient preparation, monitoring intensity, and recognition of early warning signs, ultimately expanding diagnostic accuracy for soft tissue, vascular and organ pathology whilst maintaining clinical safety standards.
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Practical Takeaways
- •Develop clear monitoring strategies when using contrast media in equine CT/MRI based on the specific contrast agent chosen, as safety profiles differ
- •Understand that adverse events with contrast media occur but are underreported in equine literature; familiarize yourself with published cases and human/veterinary comparisons to anticipate potential complications
- •Consider contrast-enhanced imaging as a valuable diagnostic tool for soft tissue, orthopedic, and internal organ assessment when standard imaging is inconclusive
Key Findings
- •Contrast-enhanced CT and MRI techniques provide improved tissue delineation and expanded diagnostic capabilities in horses
- •Contrast media safety profiles vary and adverse events in horses are sparsely reported in veterinary literature
- •Review synthesizes evidence from equine studies, other veterinary species, and human medicine to establish comprehensive safety data for contrast media use
- •Contrast-enhanced imaging offers potential for assessing diseased/injured tissues and monitoring pathophysiological processes in equine patients