Characterization of the Sarcidano Horse Coat Color Genes.
Authors: Cosso Giovanni, Carcangiu Vincenzo, Luridiana Sebastiano, Fiori Stefania, Columbano Nicolò, Masala Gerolamo, Careddu Giovanni Mario, Sanna Passino Eraldo, Mura Maria Consuelo
Journal: Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
Summary
# Editorial Summary: Characterization of the Sarcidano Horse Coat Color Genes Researchers examined 70 Sarcidano horses—a semi-feral Sardinian breed—to map the genetic basis of coat colour and refine genotyping site locations using the updated EquCab3.0 equine genome assembly. By sequencing the MC1R and ASIP genes (the primary loci controlling equine coat colour inheritance), the team identified chestnut and black as the predominant phenotypes in the population, with genetic profiles consistent with a breed that has undergone minimal human selection or crossbreeding with domestic horses. The preponderance of wild-type alleles and the absence of dilution or grey variants suggest the Sarcidano has retained its ancestral coat colour genetics, reflecting its ancient origin and genetic isolation on the island of Sardinia. For breed stewards and conservation programmes, these findings highlight the breed's unique genomic signature and the case for active intervention—including structured DNA banking, cryopreservation of germplasm, and collaborative work with research institutions—to safeguard these rare genetic resources. Understanding the coat colour architecture also provides a foundation for future studies into other traits of interest and demonstrates the value of genotypic characterisation in small, isolated populations where phenotypic diversity may mask underlying genetic uniformity.
Read the full abstract on PubMed
Practical Takeaways
- •Sarcidano Horse coat color phenotypes are primarily determined by MC1R and ASIP gene variants, useful for breed identification and pedigree verification
- •The breed's genetic isolation makes it a valuable resource for equine coat color genetics research and conservation breeding programs
- •Establishing DNA banking and genetic resource management protocols is recommended to preserve this genetically distinct breed for future research and breeding decisions
Key Findings
- •MC1R Exon 1 and ASIP Exon 3 genotyping identified chestnut and black as the most prevalent coat colors in the Sarcidano Horse population
- •Genetic analysis suggests the Sarcidano Horse has experienced no significant human domestication or crossbreeding with domestic breeds
- •The breed's ancient origin and genetic isolation warrant active regional conservation efforts to maintain resident genotypes