Authors: Martínez-Sáez Lola, Dulac Quentin, Montaner-Angoiti Esperanza, Marín-García Pablo Jesús, Llobat Lola
Journal: Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
Summary
# Editorial Summary: Leishmaniosis Prevalence in Mediterranean Horses Leishmania infantum, transmitted by sandflies endemic to the Mediterranean basin, represents an emerging zoonotic concern with horses increasingly recognised as potential asymptomatic reservoirs that could facilitate disease persistence in human populations. Researchers screened 167 clinically healthy horses from eastern Spain using both serological (ELISA) and molecular (real-time PCR) methods to establish infection prevalence and identify associated risk factors. The investigation revealed a substantial 27.5% infection rate, with significant associations identified between L. infantum status and breed type, morphotype, outdoor housing conditions, intended use, and seasonal variation—suggesting multiple transmission pathways and exposure scenarios across different management systems. Equine professionals should consider that apparently healthy horses may harbour this parasite and warrant baseline screening protocols, particularly in endemic regions, alongside implementation of routine sandfly vector control such as approved repellent applications. These findings underscore the need for broader surveillance across other potential reservoir species and collaborative epidemiological studies to develop evidence-based biosecurity strategies that protect both equine and human health within Mediterranean populations.
Read the full abstract on PubMed
Practical Takeaways
- •Horses in Mediterranean regions have substantial risk of L. infantum infection; consider serological screening in endemic areas, particularly for outdoor-living animals of certain breeds
- •Use regular repellent protocols on horses in endemic zones to reduce sandfly transmission, even for clinically healthy animals
- •Be aware that healthy-appearing horses may harbor and potentially transmit Leishmania to humans and other animals—maintain zoonotic disease precautions in handling and contact
Key Findings
- •27.5% prevalence of L. infantum infection in apparently healthy horses from eastern Spain (Mediterranean basin)
- •Main risk factors for infection include equine breed, morphotype, outdoor living, use, and season
- •Horses may act as silent reservoirs of L. infantum parasite despite appearing clinically healthy
- •Infection detected via ELISA and real-time PCR methods in serum samples