Pack wounds of donkeys and mules in the Northern High Atlas and lowlands of Morocco.
Authors: Sells P D, Pinchbeck G, Mezzane H, Ibourki J, Crane M
Journal: Equine veterinary journal
Summary
Pack wounds represent a significant welfare issue in working donkeys and mules, with prevalence strongly linked to load-bearing equipment and work patterns. Researchers in Morocco surveyed 147 equids across two regions—the mountainous Midelt area and lowland Khemmiset—recording wound location, severity, and associated management factors through owner questionnaires and detailed assessment of pack design, load weight, and work intensity. Over half the study population (54%) presented with pack wounds, predominantly affecting the withers; donkeys proved substantially more vulnerable than mules, whilst animals engaged in the wood trade faced significantly elevated risk compared to those in other occupations. Critical modifiable risk factors included berdaa (traditional pack) cleanliness, work frequency, and cumulative distance travelled, suggesting that improved hygiene protocols and work-load management could meaningfully reduce wound incidence. For farriers, vets, and other equine professionals working with working equids in comparable conditions, these findings underscore the importance of systematic assessment of pack fit and maintenance, owner education regarding work scheduling, and regular monitoring—particularly in donkey populations—to optimise both welfare and occupational productivity.
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Practical Takeaways
- •Regular inspection and cleaning of packs (berdaas) is essential to reduce wound incidence in working equids
- •Consider donkeys' greater susceptibility to pack wounds when assigning work loads and planning welfare interventions
- •Manage work frequency and distance appropriately; overwork and excessive distances significantly increase pack wound risk
Key Findings
- •Overall pack wound prevalence was 54% (80/147) in donkeys and mules working in Morocco
- •Equids working in the wood trade had significantly increased risk of pack wounds compared to other trades
- •Donkeys were at higher risk of pack wounds than mules both overall and within the wood trade
- •Pack cleanliness, work frequency, and work distance were significant factors associated with wound prevalence