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farriery
veterinary
biomechanics
nutrition
anatomy
2019
Expert Opinion

Girthiness: Retrospective Study of 37 Horses (2004-2016).

Authors: Millares-Ramirez Esther M, Le Jeune Sarah S

Journal: Journal of equine veterinary science

Summary

# Editorial Summary Girth aversion has long been suspected as a clinical indicator of underlying pathology, yet veterinary literature lacks definitive evidence linking this behaviour to specific conditions. Millares-Ramirez and Le Jeune's retrospective analysis of 37 horses presenting with girthiness between 2004 and 2016 identified gastric ulceration in 12 cases (32%), orthopaedic problems in 10, saddle fit issues in 3, and a diverse range of other conditions including vena cava aneurysm, liver abscessation and urinary tract infection in the remaining cases. Notably, 92% of the 13 horses that underwent gastroscopy were confirmed to have gastric ulcers, suggesting this condition warrants particular clinical attention when evaluating girth-averse horses. The heterogeneous nature of underlying causes underscores that girthiness demands a methodical diagnostic approach incorporating gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and equipment assessment; whilst gastric ulceration emerges as a leading differential, practitioners should resist anchoring on a single diagnosis without systematic investigation. These findings provide practical guidance for structuring your clinical workup—early gastroscopy may be justified given the high prevalence rate, whilst concurrent orthopaedic and saddle-fit evaluation remains essential to identify the substantial proportion of cases driven by biomechanical or structural concerns.

Read the full abstract on PubMed

Practical Takeaways

  • When presented with a girthy horse, prioritize gastric ulcer investigation via gastroscopy as it was the most common finding in this population
  • Perform systematic clinical examination including orthopedic evaluation, saddle fit assessment, and investigation of less obvious conditions (abdominal/systemic disease) as girthiness has multiple potential causes
  • Do not assume behavioral problems or training issues are the cause—girthiness warrants thorough diagnostic workup as 92% of endoscoped horses had gastric ulceration

Key Findings

  • Gastric ulcers were diagnosed in 12 of 37 horses (32%) presenting with girthiness, with 92% of gastroscoped horses diagnosed with gastric ulcers
  • Orthopedic problems were identified in 10 horses (27%) and ill-fitting saddles in 3 horses (8%)
  • 10 horses (27%) had various other conditions including liver abscessation, vena cava aneurism, sternum pain, and urinary tract infection
  • Girthiness is a nonspecific clinical sign associated with multiple different pathologies, making definitive diagnosis challenging

Conditions Studied

girth aversiongirthinessgastric ulcerationorthopedic problemsill-fitting saddlesreproductive tract neoplasialiver abscessationvena cava aneurismsternum painurinary tract infection