The threat of midge-borne equine disease: investigation of Culicoides species on UK equine premises.
Authors: Robin M, Archer D, Garros C, Gardès L, Baylis M
Journal: The Veterinary record
Summary
# Editorial Summary African horse sickness (AHS)—a devastating viral disease with mortality rates reaching 95%—has never been documented in the UK, yet the conditions for its establishment may already exist. Robin and colleagues undertook the first comprehensive survey of Culicoides midge species on UK equine premises, sampling both rural and urban properties across south-east England to establish what vector species were present and whether they were actively feeding on horses. Using PCR analysis to identify equine DNA within engorged midges, the researchers confirmed that competent AHS vectors were not only present on UK premises but were directly parasitising horses, demonstrating a functional vector-host relationship. Whilst the virus itself is not currently circulating in Britain, the presence of appropriate Culicoides species combined with suitable climatic conditions means that importation of infected animals or viral material could trigger an outbreak in a completely naive population with no acquired immunity. This research has important implications for biosecurity protocols, import regulations, and surveillance strategies—farriers and veterinary professionals should familiarise themselves with AHS clinical signs and consider midges as a critical risk factor in equine health planning, particularly given the potential for range expansion of Culicoides species under changing environmental conditions.
Read the full abstract on PubMed
Practical Takeaways
- •Be aware that disease vector midges are present on UK equine properties; biosecurity measures should include midge control, particularly during high-risk seasons
- •Monitor horses for signs of exotic vector-borne diseases and report suspected cases immediately to authorities, as early detection is critical given the high mortality rate of AHS
- •Work with veterinarians on premises management to reduce midge breeding habitats (standing water, organic matter) as part of disease prevention strategy
Key Findings
- •Potential AHS virus vector Culicoides species were identified on both urban and rural equine properties in south-east UK
- •PCR analysis confirmed that engorged Culicoides specimens contained equine DNA, proving direct vector-host interaction
- •Appropriate Culicoides species and climatic conditions exist in northern Europe to support an AHS outbreak
- •AHS has never occurred in the UK but could cause up to 95% mortality if the virus were imported